passage4注解：标题为红色，翻译为蓝色，分析为绿色。 ????????it never rains but it pours. just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance(服从，遵守(这里是指公司的规章制度))? troubles, and improved their feeble(衰弱的，虚弱的) corporation governance(统治方式，管理方法(govern.v.统治)), a new problem threatens to earn them—especially in america—the sort of nasty(恶毒的，令人恶心的) headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite((领导套房，这里代指“领导层”)): data insecurity. left, until now, to odd, low-level it staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.
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记忆四个单词：
1.compliance服从，因为compliment奖励，所以compliance。
2.feeable谐音“飞吧”，飞吧，飞不起来了吧==衰弱的，虚弱的；还可以通过词的结构记忆：fee费用+able使人能够=听到费用就使人软了，使人虚弱=衰弱的，虚弱的。
3.nasty谐音补音“拿屎投”，那个人拿屎投你，你说恶不恶心。nasty恶心的，恶毒的。
4.suite套房，结构记忆：suit西装+e=人生的职业进入第一层境界是穿上西装出场，进入第二层境界就是拥有自己的套房。suit有西装的意思，作动词的时候有“与某某匹配”，一般搭配是suit to 某某，翻译“与某某匹配”。
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????????several massive leakages((机密,文件)泄露，(气体,液体)泄漏)?of customer and employee data this year—from organizations as diverse as time warner, the american defense contractor science applications international corp and even the university of california, berkeley—have left managers hurriedly peering into((凝视，窥视，这里是指代“仔细检查”))their intricate((intricate错综复杂的；难理解的=complicated错综复杂的；难理解的)) it systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.
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1.leakage(机密,文件)泄露，(气体,液体)泄漏，其实来源于动词leak泄露，
列举一下词汇中带有lea的单词，从a到z:?
leach 过滤 lead引领? leaf叶子 league联盟 leak泄露 leam发光 lean身子倾斜? leap跳跃 lease租约 leave离开?
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????????“data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset,” says haim mendelson of stanford university’s business school. “the ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders”. indeed, just as there is the concept of generally accepted accounting principles (gaap), perhaps it is time for gasp, generally accepted security practices, suggested eli noam of new york’s columbia business school. “setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy(冗余), and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one,” he says.
????????the mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. surely it should be obvious to the dimmest((dim愚笨的),这里是形容词最高级) executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore— and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.
????????the current state of affairs may have been encouraged—though not justified—by the lack of legal penalty(惩罚) (in america, but not europe) for data leakage. until california recently passed a law, american firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray(迷失

，迷路). that may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in washington, d.c. meanwhile, the theft(偷窃，盗窃) of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in america, disclosed(透露，公开) on june 17th, overshadowed(使黯然失色，使相形见绌，使扫兴)?a hugely important decision a day earlier by america’s federal trade commission (ftc) that puts corporate america on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.

一、文章结构分析本文是一篇关于信息时代数据泄漏问题的文章。
文章第一段指出数据安全问题成为各行业管理层高度重视的问题。
第二段提到一些大公司的大量客户和雇员信息泄漏，使管理者开始重视公司的信息保护。
第三段引用多位专家的话指出，保护客户信息的重要性。
第四段批判有些公司老总未意识到信息保护的重要性，它对企业的信任度极具破坏力。
第五段分析出现数据泄漏这一问题的可能原因，指出立法是解决问题的根本出路。
注意时文的特点：以“钓鱼”方式开头，主题常在第一段末或第二段开始。

36. the statement “it never rains but it pours” is used to introduce
[a] the fierce business competition.
[b] the feeble boss-board relations.
[c] the threat from news reports.
[d] the severity of data leakage.
36．作者用“it never rains but it pours”这句话是为了引出 。
[a] 激烈的企业竞争
[b] 老板和董事会之间脆弱的关系
[c] 来自新闻报道的威胁
[d] 数据泄漏的严重性

37. according to paragraph 2, some organizations check their systems to find out
[a] whether there is any weak point.
[b] what sort of data has been stolen.
[c] who is responsible for the leakage.
[d] how the potential spies can be located.
37．根据第二段，一些机构检查自己的系统，目的是为了查明 。
[a] 是否存在缺陷
[b] 什么类型的数据被盗了
[c] 谁应该对数据泄漏负责
[d] 如何找到间谍嫌疑人

38. in bringing up the concept of gasp the author is making the point that
[a] shareholders’ interests should be properly attended to.
[b] information protection should be given due attention.
[c] businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.
[d] the market value of customer data should be emphasized.
38．作者提出 gasp 这一概念，是想说明 。
[a] 股东的利益应该给予适当的关照
[b] 信息保护问题应该受到适当的关注
[c] 企业应该提高自己的财务安全水平
[d] 客户数据的市场价值应当受到重视

39. according to paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to
[a] see the link between trust and data protection.
[b] perceive the sensitivity of personal data.
[c] realize the high cost of data restoration.
[d] appreciate the economic value of trust.
39．根据第四段，作者感到不解的是一些老板没有 。
[a] 看到信任和数据保护之间的关系
[b] 认识到个人数据的敏感性
[c] 认识到数据恢复需付出的高昂代价
[d] 理解信任的经济价值

40. it can be inferred from paragraph 5 that
[a] data leakage is more severe in europe.
[b] ftc’s decision is essential to data security.
[c] california takes the lead in security legislation.
[d] legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.
40．从第五段可以推断出 。
[a] 数据泄漏在欧洲更为严重
[b] 美国联邦贸易委员会的决定对数据安全来说是非常重要的
[c] 加州在安全立法方面处于 地位
[d] 法律惩处手段是解决数据泄漏问题的主要办法

二、核心词汇与超纲词汇1. sort out 解决
2. nasty adj. 肮脏的，令人厌恶的
3. roll in 蜂拥而来
4. massive adj. 厚重的，大块的
5. peer vi. 凝视，窥视
6. potential adj. 潜在的，可能的
7. shareholder n. 股东
8. redundancy n. 冗余
9. do the rounds 迅速传开；巡视
10. astray adv. 迷途地，误入歧途地
11. proposed adj. 被提议的
12. legislation n. 立法，法律的制定

三、阅读答案：d a b a d四、全文翻译：?????????不雨则以，一雨倾盆。当老板和董事会终于解决了最糟糕的财务和规章问题并加强了公司管理力度之后，一个新的问题——数据安全问题——正威胁着他们，使他们出现在令人讨厌的(尤其是美国的)头版头条新闻中，这些报道可能最终引起领导层更迭。信息保护过去一直是临时、低级信息技术员工的工作，并且只被诸如银行、电信、航空这类拥有大量数据的行业所关注，而现在却高高列在各行各业老板的日程表上。
????????今年发生的几起重大的客户和员工数据泄露事件发生在各种各样的机构里，包括时代华纳公司、美国国防项目承办(建)机构科学应用国际公司、甚至加州大学伯克立分校。这些事件使管理者们急忙仔细检查自己公司里复杂精密的信息技术系统和业务流程，以寻找可能存在的安全隐患。斯坦福大学商学院的汉姆·孟德尔森说：“数据正在变成一种资产，与任何别的资产一样，它也需要受到保护”。“保护客户数据的能力是保证市场价值的关键，董事会有责任为了股东的利益对市场价值负责。”纽约哥伦比亚商学院的伊利·诺姆建议说，事实上，正如有公认会计原则一样，也许现在应该制定公认安全准则了。他还说：“为数据安全、数据备份和数据恢复设立恰当的投资标准是管理问题，不是技术问题。”
????????令人不解的是这竟然令老板们大吃一惊。甚至最愚笨的管理人员也必定清楚地知道：信任，这个经济资产中最有价值的东西，很容易遭到破坏而恢复起来则代价高昂；没有什么比公司任由机密个人信息落入别有用心的人手中更能破坏信任的了。
????????对泄露数据缺乏法律惩罚(这主要指在美国，在欧洲不是这样)，可能是造成目前状况的原因——虽然并不意味着泄露数据合法。直到加利福尼亚州最近通过了一项法律，美国的公司才不得不把数据泄露事件告诉人们——包括受害者。变化可能会发生得很迅速：围绕数据安全提出的许多立法正在华盛顿展开讨论。同时，发生在美国的约 4000 万信用卡账户信息被盗的事件于 6 月 17 日被披露出来，可就在前一天，美国联邦贸易委员会做出一项重大决议，这项决议警告美国的公司：如果公司不能对数据的安全提供充分保障，管理机构将采取行动。盗窃事件给这项决议蒙上了阴影。