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you are what you eat—and what you eat may be encoded in your dna. studies have indicated that your genetics play a role in?determining the foods you find delicious or disgusting. but exactly how big a role they play has been difficult to pin down. “everything has a genetic component, even if it’s small,” says?joanne cole, a geneticist and an assistant professor at the university of colorado school of medicine. “we know that there is some genetic contribution to why we eat the foods we eat. can we take the next step and actually pinpoint the regions in the genome?”

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你吃什么东西证明你是什么样的人——你吃什么东西可能写进了你的基因中。研究表明，你的基因在决定你觉得食物是美味还是难吃方面有一定的作用。但它们究竟起多大的作用一直很难确定。“任何事情都有遗传的成分，即使很小，”科罗拉多大学医学院的遗传学家兼助理教授乔安妮·科尔说。“我们知道那些食物之所以会被我们选择有一些遗传因素。我们能进一步准确定位其在基因组中的区域吗?”

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new research led by cole has gotten a step closer. through a large-scale genomics analysis, her team has identified 481 genome regions, or loci, that were directly linked to dietary patterns and food preferences. the findings, which have not yet been peer-reviewed, were presented last month at the?american society for nutrition’s annual flagship conference.?

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科尔领导的一项新研究离目标又近了一步。通过大规模的基因组分析，她的团队确定了481个与饮食模式和食物偏好直接相关的基因组区域或

位点。这些研究结果（尚未经同行评议）上个月发表在了美国营养学会年度旗舰会议上。

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they build on a 2020nature communications study by cole and her colleagues that used data from the u.k. biobank, a public database of the genetic and health information of 500,000 participants. by scanning genomes, the new analysis was able to home in on 194 regions associated with dietary patterns and 287 linked to specific foods such as fruit, cheese, fish, tea and alcohol. further understanding how genetics impact how we eat could reveal differences in nutritional needs or disease risks.

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他们在科尔和她的同事们2020年发表在《自然通讯》的一项研究的基础上开展研究，科尔的研究使用了英国生物银行的数据，英国生物银行是一个包含50万人遗传和健康信息的公共数据库。通过扫描基因组，他们开展的新分析能够锁定194个与饮食模式相关的区域，287个与水果、奶酪、鱼、茶和酒精等特定食品相关的区域。进一步了解基因是如何影响我们的饮食，可以揭示营养需求或疾病风险的差异。

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“one of the problems with a lot of these genomics studies is that they’re very small. they don’t have enough people to really be able to identify genes in ways that are credible. this study had a huge cohort of people, so that’s really powerful,” says?monica dus, an associate professor at the university of michigan, who wasn’t a part of the new research but studies?the relationship between genes and nutrition. “the other thing that i thought was really great is that they have so many different traits that they’re measuring in respect to diet. they had cholesterol, the body, socioeconomic backgrounds.”

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密歇根大学副教授莫妮卡·杜斯没有参与这项新研究，但她研究的是基因和营养之间的关系，她说:“这些基因组学研究的一个问题在于它们的规模很小。他们没有足够的人能够以可靠的方式识别基因。而这项研究有着庞大的研究对象，这样的影响力真的很大。”“我认为另一件很棒的事情在于，他们考量了饮食很多方面的不同的特征。包括了胆固醇，身体，社会经济背景。”

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as the research advances, dus says such genome analyses could possibly help health care providers—and even policymakers—address larger issues that affect food access and health. “instead of trying to obsess over telling people to eat this or that, a more powerful intervention is to link it to making sure there aren’t ‘food deserts’ or to make sure that there’s a higher minimum wage—things that have a broader impact,” she says.

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随着研究的推进，杜斯说，这样的基因组分析可能对提供医疗保健的机构有所 助，甚至政策制定者也会获益，让他们可以解决影响获取食物和健康这样更大的问题。她说:“与其纠结于告诉人们吃这个或吃那个，更有力的干预措施是将其与确保没有‘食品荒漠’或确保提高最低工资标准（让大家吃得上）——这些事情有更广泛的影响。”

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本文节选自：scientific american（科学美国人）

发布时间：2023.08.01

作者：lauren j. young

原文标题：your genes may influence what you like to eat

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◆词汇积累

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1.encode

/?n?k??d/
v. 把……译成密码(或电码); 给(计算机程序)编码; 用外语表达; (基因)对生成(某种物质或行为)负责，给……编码

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2.loci

/?l??sa?/
n.确切地点；抽象事物的中心；位点；轨迹（locus 的复数）

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3.cohort

/?k??h??t/?

n. (有共同特点或举止类同的)一群人，一批人; 同伙，支持者; (古罗马)步兵队

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4. issue

/???ju?/
n. 议题，争论点; (报纸、杂志等的)期，号; 发放，分配; (新股票或邮票等的)发行; 子女，后嗣; 流出，发出; 结果，后果
v. 发表，颁布; 分发，分配; 正式发行; 流出，发出; 由……产生，由……得出

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5.wage

/we?d?/
n. 工资，报酬; (经济)工资总额; (喻)报应
v. 进行，发动(战争，运动)

◆词组搭配

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1.pin down 强迫（某人）就某事作出明确的陈述或决定；确定（某事）的确切情况

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◆写作句总结

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but exactly how big a role they play has been difficult to pin down.

结构：but exactly how big a role … play has been difficult to pin down.

但…究竟起多大的作用一直很难确定。

例句：but exactly how big a role cram schools play has been difficult to pin down.????